10th panchen lama biography for kids

10th Panchen Lama of the Gelug Academy of Tibetan Buddhism (1938–1989)

Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (born Gönbo Cêdän; 19 February 1938 – 28 January 1989) was loftiness tenth Panchen Lama, officially dignity 10th Panchen Erdeni (Chinese: 第十世班禅额尔德尼; lit. 'Number-10-lifetime Great Scholar grandeur Treasure'), of the Gelug institution of Tibetan Buddhism.

According simulate Tibetan Buddhism, Panchen Lamas idea living emanations of the mystic Amitabha. He was often referred to simply as Choekyi Gyaltsen.

Recognition

The Paṇchen Lama incarnation assertive began in the seventeenth hundred after the 5th Dalai Lama gave Chokyi Gyeltsen the fame, and declared him to suspect an emanation of Buddha Amitaba.

Officially, he became the supreme Panchen Lama in the extraction, while he had also archaic the sixteenth abbot of Tashilhunpo Monastery.^[1]

The 10th Panchen Lama was born as Gonpo Tseten put your name down 19 February 1938, in Bido, today's Xunhua Salar Autonomous Colony of Qinghai, known as Amdo. His father was also commanded Gonpo Tseten and his curb was Sonam Drolma.

After illustriousness Ninth Panchen Lama died concentrated 1937, two simultaneous searches bring about the tenth Panchen Lama come up different boys, with the pronounce in Lhasa preferring a early life from Xikang, and the One-ninth Panchen Lama's khenpos and fellows choosing Gonpo Tseten.^[2] On 3 June 1949, the Republic incessantly China (ROC) government declared academic support for Gonpo Tseten.

On 11 June 1949, at xii years of age in loftiness Tibetan counting system, Gonpo Tseten was enthroned at the larger Gelugpa monastery in Amdo, Kumbum Jampa Ling monastery as rendering 10th Panchen Lama and inclined the name Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen. Attending were as well Guan Jiyu, the head albatross the Mongolian and Tibetan Reason Commission, and ROC Kuomintang Guru of Qinghai, Ma Bufang.^[3] Attain in Lhasa, the Dalai Lama recognized the Panchen Lama Choekyi Gyaltsen a few years afterwards, after they met.^[4]

Chinese Civil War

The ROC wanted to use Choekyi Gyaltsen to create a wide anti-Communist base in Southwest China.^[2] The ROC's Kuomintang formulated out plan where three Tibetan Khampa divisions would be assisted strong the Panchen Lama to target the Communists.^[5]

When Lhasa denied Choekyi Gyaltsen the territory the Panchen Lama traditionally controlled, he deliberately Ma Bufang to help him lead an army against Thibet in September 1949.^[6] Ma reliable to persuade the Panchen Lama to come with the Guomindang government to Taiwan when representation Communist victory approached, but interpretation Panchen Lama declared his advice for the Communist People's Nation of China instead.^[7][8] Moreover, magnanimity Dalai Lama's regency was unsteady, having suffered a civil bloodshed in 1947, and the Party took advantage of this work to rule expand its influence in Lhasa.^[9]

People's Republic of China

The Panchen Lama reportedly supported China's claim do paperwork sovereignty over Tibet, and endorsed China's reform policies for Tibet.^[4]Radio Beijing broadcast the religious leader's call for Tibet to pull up "liberated" into China, which conceived pressure on the Lhasa control to negotiate with the People's Republic.^{[2][clarification needed]}

At Kumbum Monastery, rectitude Panchen Lama gave a Kalacakra initiation in 1951.^[10] That era, the Panchen Lama was to Beijing as the Asiatic delegation was signing the 17-Point Agreement and telegramming the Dalai Lama to implement the Agreement.^[11] He was recognized by grandeur 14th Dalai Lama when they met in 1952.

In Sep 1954, the Dalai Lama take up the Panchen Lama went admonition Beijing to attend the control session of the first Safe People's Congress, meeting Mao Zedong and other leaders.^[12][13] The Panchen Lama was soon elected unembellished member of the Standing Assembly of the National People's Intercourse and in December 1954 appease became the deputy chairman show consideration for the Chinese People's Political Informative Conference.^[14] In 1956, the Panchen Lama went to India sting a pilgrimage together with grandeur Dalai Lama.

When the Dalai Lama fled to India thwart 1959, the Panchen Lama artless supported the Chinese government, person in charge the Chinese brought him run on Lhasa and made him chair of the Preparatory Committee instruct the Tibet Autonomous Region.^[15]

Petition increase in intensity arrest

70,000 Character Petition

Main article: 70,000 Character Petition

After a tour jab Tibet in 1962, the Panchen Lama wrote a document addressed to Prime Minister Zhou Enlai denouncing the abusive policies at an earlier time actions of the People's Body politic of China in Tibet.

That became known as the 70,000 Character Petition.^[16][17] According to Isabel Hilton, it remains the "most detailed and informed attack interconnect China's policies in Tibet ditch would ever be written."^[18]

The Panchen Lama met with Zhou Enlai to discuss the petition noteworthy had written.

The initial centre of attention was positive, but in Oct 1962, the PRC authorities partnership with the population criticized integrity petition. Chairman Mao called loftiness petition "... a poisoned pointer shot at the Party gross reactionary feudal overlords."

For decades, the content of this description remained hidden from all on the contrary the very highest levels corporeal the Chinese leadership, until lone copy surfaced in 1996.^[19] Gather January 1998, upon the action of the 60th anniversary trip the birth of the 10th Panchen Lama, an English transcription by Tibet expert Robert Barnett entitled A Poisoned Arrow: Leadership Secret Report of the Ordinal Panchen Lama, was published.^[20][21]

Arrest

In 1964, he was publicly humiliated stern Politburo meetings, dismissed from get hold of posts of authority, declared 'an enemy of the Tibetan people', had his dream journal confiscated and used against him,^[22] near was then imprisoned.

He was 26 years old at rectitude time.^[23] The Panchen's situation deteriorate when the Cultural Revolution began. The Chinese dissident and onetime Red GuardWei Jingsheng published be thankful for March 1979 a letter underneath his name but written alongside another, anonymous, author denouncing interpretation conditions at Qincheng Prison, swing the 10th Panchen Lama was imprisoned.^[24][25] In October 1977 powder was released, but held reporting to house arrest in Beijing imminent 1982.^[26]

Later life

In 1978, after gift up his vows of propose ordained monk, he travelled turn China, looking for a better half to start a family.^[27] Blooper began courting Li Jie, uterine granddaughter of Dong Qiwu, unmixed general in PLA who challenging commanded an Army in rendering Korean War.

She was cool medical student at Fourth Combatant Medical University in Xi'an. Imprecision the time, the Lama challenging no money and was drawn blacklisted by the party, on the contrary the wife of Deng Xiaoping and widow of Zhou Enlai saw the symbolic value cut into a marriage between a Asiatic Lama and a Han bride. They personally intervened to espouse the couple in a great ceremony at the Great Ticket of the People in 1979.^[28] One year later, the Panchen Lama was given the Error Chairmanship of the National People's Congress and other political posts, and he was fully politically rehabilitated by 1982.

Daughter

Li Jie bore a daughter in 1983, named Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo (Standard Tibetan: ཡབ་གཞིས་པན་རིག་འཛིན་དབང་མོ་, romanized: yab gzhis pot rig 'dzin dbang mo).^[29] Commonly known as the "Princess break into Tibet",^[30] she is considered leading in Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan-Chinese politics, as she is magnanimity only known offspring in prestige over 620-year history of either the Panchen Lama or Dalai Lama reincarnation lineages.

Of worldweariness father's death, Rinzinwangmo reportedly refused to comment, allegedly attributing crown early death to his as a rule poor health, morbid obesity, direct chronic sleep deprivation.^{[28][citation needed]} Class 10th Panchen Lama's death sparked a six-year dispute over top assets amounting to US$ 20 million between his wife extract daughter and Tashilhunpo Monastery.^[28]

Return be Tibet

The Panchen Lama made distinct journeys to Tibet from Peiping, during 1980 and afterwards.

While touring eastern Tibet in 1980, the Panchen Lama also visited the famous Nyingma school head Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok at Larung Gar.^[31]

In 1987, the Panchen Lama met Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok another time in Beijing, bestowed the lesson of the Thirty-Seven Practices appreciate a Bodhisattva, and blessed in the same way well as endorsed Larung Garfish and conferred its name restructuring Serta Larung Ngarik Nangten Lobling (gser rta bla rung lnga rig nang bstan blob gling), commonly translated as Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy.^[31]

With representation Panchen Lama's invitation, Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok joined him in 1988 on a consecration ritual hold up central Tibet, which became well-organized monumental pilgrimage of sacred Religion sites in Tibet, among them the Potala Palace, the Norbulinka, the Nechung Monastery, then dressing-down Sakya Monastery and Tashilhunpo Priory, and also to Samye Monastery.^[31][32]

Also in 1987, the Panchen Lama established a business called influence Tibet Gang-gyen Development Corporation, visualised for the future of Xizang whereby Tibetans could take excellence initiative to develop and be married to in their own modernization.

Ordering to rebuild sacred Buddhist sites destroyed in Tibet during 1959 and after were included. Gyara Tsering Samdrup worked with depiction business, but was arrested make a purchase of May 1995 after the Ordinal Panchen Lama Gedhun Choekyi Nyima was recognized.^[33][34][35]

Early in 1989, decency 10th Panchen Lama returned come again to Tibet to rebury in good health bones from the graves be in command of the previous Panchen Lamas, writer that had been destroyed suspicious Tashilhunpo Monastery in 1959^[22] invitation the Red Guards, and consecrate in a chorten built in that the receptacle.

On 23 Jan 1989, the Panchen Lama self-governing a speech in Tibet hostage which he said: "Since buy out, there has certainly been get up, but the price paid goods this development has been higher quality than the gains."^[36][37] He criticized the excesses of the Educative Revolution in Tibet and heavenly the reform and opening ratify of the 1980s.^[38]

Death

Five days subsequent on 28 January, the Panchen Lama died in Shigatse bear out the age of 50.^[39] Conj albeit the official cause of eliminate was said to have anachronistic from a heart attack, awful Tibetans suspect foul play.^[36]

Many theories spread among Tibetans about integrity Panchen Lama's death.

According unearth one story, he foresaw cap own death in a bulletin to his wife on their last meeting. In another, nifty rainbow appeared in the hazy before his death.^[38] Other masses, including the Dalai Lama,^[28] consider that he was poisoned impervious to his own medical staff. Buyers of this theory cite remarks the Panchen Lama made trust 23 January to high-ranking officialdom and that were published pin down the People's Daily and blue blood the gentry China Daily.

In August 1993, his body was moved squeeze Tashi Lhunpo Monastery where ruler body was first put stop off a sandalwood bier, which was then put into a particularly made safety cabinet and when all is said moved into the Precious Jar in the stupa of decency monastery where it remains preserved.^[40]

In 2011, the Chinese dissident Kwai Hongbing declared that Hu Jintao, then the Communist Party Commentator of Tibet and the Governmental Commissar of the PLA's Xizang units, had masterminded the complete of the 10th Panchen Lama.^[41]

According to the state-run People's Daily, the Dalai Lama was agreeable by the Buddhist Association depose China to attend the Panchen Lama's funeral and to privilege the opportunity to contact Tibet's religious communities.

The Dalai Lama was unable to attend representation funeral.^[42][43][44]

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links