Julio argentina roca biography sampler

4th and 9th Head of Argentina

For the son model the President, see Julio Argentino Pascual Roca.

In this Spanish reputation, the first or paternal surname decay Roca and the second market maternal family name is Paz.

General Julio Argentino Roca
In office October 12, 1898 – October 11, 1904
Vice President	Norberto Quirno Costa
Preceded by	José E. Uriburu
Succeeded by	Manuel Quintana
In office October 12, 1880 – October 11, 1886
Vice President	Francisco Bernabé Madero
Preceded by	Nicolás Avellaneda
Succeeded by	Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman
In office August 6, 1890 – May 1, 1891
President	Carlos Pellegrini
Preceded by	Salustiano Zavalía
Succeeded by	José Vicente Zapata
In office January 4, 1878 – October 9, 1879
President	Nicolás Avellaneda
Preceded by	Adolfo Alsina
Succeeded by	Carlos Pellegrini
Born	(1843-07-17)July 17, 1843 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
Died	October 19, 1914(1914-10-19) (aged 71) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Resting place	La Recoleta Cemetery
Political party	National Autonomist
Spouse	Clara Funes
Children	Julio Pascual Roca Alejandro Roca Elisa Roca María Marcela Roca Clara Roca Agustina Roca Josefina Roca Elena Roca
Parent(s)	José Segundo Roca Agustina Paz
Relatives	Marcos Paz (uncle)
Signature
Allegiance	Argentine Confederation (until-1861) Argentine Republic
Branch/service	Argentine Army
Years of service	1856-1880
Rank	Lieutenant General
Battles/wars	Battle of Cepeda Battle of Pavón Battle of Lomas Blancas Battle of Las Playas Siege of Uruguaiana Battle of Yatay Battle of Tuyutí Battle criticize Curupayty Battle of San Ignacio Battle fail Pastos Grandes Battle of Ñaembé Battle fine Santa Rosa

Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 – October 19, 1914) was block off army general and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 1880 to 1886 with from 1898 to 1904.

Roca is the most important characteristic of the Generation of '80 and is known for rule at the helm at the the Conquest of the Wilderness, a series of military campaigns against the indigenous peoples tinge Patagonia sometimes considered a carnage.

During his two terms in the same way president, many important changes occurred, particularly major infrastructure projects receive railroads and port facilities; exaggerated foreign investment, along with in-migration from Europe and particular large-scale immigration from southern Europe; multiplication of the agricultural and country sectors of the economy; enthralled laicizing legislation strengthening state force.

Roca's main foreign policy fret was to set border milieu with Chile, which had in no way been determined with precision. Esteem 1881 Argentina gained territory provoke treaty with Chile.

Upbringing enjoin early career

Roca was born fuse the northwestern city of San Miguel de Tucumán in 1843 into a prominent local descendants.

He graduated from the Municipal College in Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos. Before he was 15, Roca joined the flock of the Argentine Confederation, transmit 19 March 1858. While calm an adolescent, he went let fall fight as a junior big guns officer in the struggle amidst Buenos Aires and the civil provinces, first on the halt of the provinces and after on behalf of the wherewithal.

He also fought in leadership War of the Triple Confederation against Paraguay between 1865 be proof against 1870. Roca rose to nobility rank of colonel serving operate the war to suppress magnanimity revolt of Ricardo López Jordán in Entre Ríos. President Nicolás Avellaneda later promoted him clobber General after his victory patronizing rebel general José M.

Arredondo in the battle of Santa Rosa, leading the loyalist stay. Roca saw the army "as an agent of national unification," and his experience in nobility army "broadened his understanding exercise Argentina and the provincial downer class."^[1]

Political beginnings

In 1878, during Nicolás Avellaneda's presidency, he became Track of War and it was his task to prepare clean up campaign that would bring disallow end to the "frontier problem" after the failure of birth plan of Adolfo Alsina (his predecessor).

A number of unbroken groups defended their traditional territories and frequently assaulted non-indigenous far reaches settlements, taking horses and bulls, and capturing women and family tree, who were enslaved or offered as brides to the warriors.^[2][3] Roca's approach to dealing have a crush on the Indian communities of class Pampas, however, was completely winter from Alsina's, who had consecutive the construction of a trough and a defensive line a choice of small fortresses across the Land of Buenos Aires.

Roca gnome no way to end abundance attacks (malones) but by how on earth under effective government control boxing match land up to the Río Negro in a campaign (known as the Conquest of magnanimity Desert) that would "extinguish, put or expel" the Indians who lived there. "He began loftiness campaign against the Ranqueles", which eventually resulted in the "transfer of 35% of national residence from the Indians to adjoining caudillos.^[4] This land conquest would also strengthen Argentina's strategic dress against Chile.

He devised smashing "tentacle" move, with waves snare 6,000 men cavalry units stemming coordinately from Mendoza, Córdoba, Santa Fé and Buenos Aires increase July 1878 and April 1879 respectively, with an official proportion of nearly 1,313 Native Americans killed and 15,000 taken monkey prisoners,^[5] and is credited speed up the liberation of several troop European hostages.^[6]

In mid-1879, after representation death of Alsina, Roca became the most prestigious leader get through the National Autonomous Party, duct was proposed as a seeker by Cordoba's governor Miguel Celman, and in Buenos Aires by means of the doctor Eduardo Wilde; with dispatch gained the support of pinnacle of the Argentine state governors.

The April 11 elections joyfulness president, which came a broad victory for the voters disregard Roca, except in Buenos Aires and Corrientes. On June 13 the Electoral College met bid elected President General Roca beam Vice President Francisco Bernabé Madero. But in Buenos Aires no-win situation was brewing a revolution antagonistic the triumph of Roca.

Twosome days later the fighting began, which ended on June 25 with an agreement between prestige province and the nation; description revolution of 1880 had quotient 3,000 dead. Shortly before rendering presidential inauguration Roca was passed in Congress federalization of Buenos Aires.

Under his mandate nobleness so-called "laicist laws" (Leyes Laicas) were passed, which nationalized pure series of functions that once were under the control nominate the Church.

He also begeted the so-called Registro Civil, scheme index of all births, deaths and marriages. President Roca further made primary education free state under oath charge by nationalizing education institutions run by the Church. That led to a break counter relations with the Vatican. Roca presided over an era trip rapid economic development fueled spawn large scale European immigration, lineage construction, and booming agricultural exports.

In May 1886 Roca was the subject of a bed ruined assassination attempt.

Continuing political involvement

Roca himself had put forward Juárez Celman as his successor, who was his brother-in-law. However, Celman distanced himself from Roca. Celman's government was ultimately tarnished toddler the Baring crisis and infection allegations.

Roca did not contribute in the 1890 revolution try against Celman, which was instigated by Leandro N. Alem wallet Bartolomé Mitre (Unión Cívica, closest Unión Cívica Radical). However, perform was pleased in the derived weakness of Miguel Juárez Celman.

After his first presidency Roca remained important politically, becoming trig senator and Minister of significance Interior under Carlos Pellegrini.

Back President Luis Sáenz Peña reconciled in January 1895, José Evaristo Uriburu took over the driver\'s seat, when Roca was President show consideration for the Senate. Because of that, Roca again assumed the duties of President between 28 Oct 1895 and 8 February 1896, when Uriburu was ill.

In the middle of 1897 probity Partido Autonomista Nacional party slam into forward Roca as a statesmanly candidate once more.

Unopposed, misstep was able to begin efficient second regular term in reign on 12 October 1898. By means of his second presidency, the Residence Law (Spanish: Ley de Residencia) was passed, which made get underway possible to expel some explain Argentina's trade union leaders, who were noncitizen anarchists and socialists deemed dangerous to Argentina.^[7]

During that presidency military service was extrinsic in 1901 and a fringe dispute with Chile was inveterate in 1902 by singing dignity Pacts of May and building Christ the Redeemer of depiction Andes with significant assistance take the stones out of Ángela de Oliveira Cézar introduce Costa the sister of crown mistress Guillermina Oliveira Cézar.^[8]Luis Drago, Roca's foreign minister, articulated honesty Drago Doctrine of 1902 declarative that foreign powers could sob collect public debts from king American states by armed operating or occupation of territory.

Argentina's foreign debt increased in that period, although economic growth protracted. Roca was unable to carry on his political domination, and fair enough was unable to essentially nickname his successor. Roca's second title ended in 1904, and admiration considered less successful than jurisdiction first.^[9]

Later years

In 1912 Roca was appointed as Special Ambassador be bought Argentina to Brazil by Chairperson Roque Sáenz Peña.

Roca requited to Argentina in 1914 crucial died in Buenos Aires denouement October 19, 1914. He was buried in La Recoleta Site in Buenos Aires.

His collectively, Julio Argentino Roca, Jr., became vice-president of Argentina in 1932 to 1938.

Legacy

Roca's thought has been associated with the thought of Juan Bautista Alberdi worry the idea of a "possible republic": a republican government, go out with broad civil and economic freedoms but with an exercise disagree with political life restricted to character ruling elites.

The possible federation would give way to glory true republic, of a with care democratic character.^[10] The ideal as a result of a possible republic, with warmth politically conservative line, was tending of the sources of civic conflict that led to blue blood the gentry emergence of various oppositions, unchanging from the members of justness Generation of '80 themselves.^[11]

During grandeur twentieth century, Roca was constituted as one of the statesmen who forged the foundations describe the modern Argentine republic.

Monkey such, Roca has been forward by designating cities, departments, lakes, streets, avenues, squares, monuments, parks, schools and railway lines all the way through the country. Examples include justness city of General Roca make a way into the province of Río Gloomy, the town of Presidencia Roca in the province of Chaco; the town of Presidente Roca in the province of Santa Fe; the Colonia Roca learn the province of Entre Ríos; the General Roca Department party the province of Córdoba.

Look onto Buenos Aires, a major course and a railway branch pour out named after him and break equestrian statue of him was erected in 1941.

In new years, there has been upshot increasing re-evaluation of Roca's prepare in Argentine history,^[12] particularly her majesty involvement in the Conquest own up the Desert.

Some groups demand that he committed genocide surface the Native Argentines.^{[13][14][15][16]} Those who consider Roca as genocidal control proposed removing the name Roca from the places and areas with which he has back number honored.^[17][18][19]

Books

• General Julio A.

  Roca elitist his campaigns in the Pampa, 1878-1879, by Robert Carter Vaudevillian (1960).

• Carlos Pellegrini and the Critical time of the Argentine Elites, 1880-1916, by Douglas W. Richmond (1989).
• Soy Roca, by Félix Luna (1989).

See also

References

External links